Textile material and method of preparing the same



Patented Feb. 14, 1933 3 UNITED STATES GAMILLE DREYFUS, OF NEW YORK, N.Y.,

PATENT? OFFICE AND HERBERT PLATT, OF CUMBERLAND,

OF DELAWARE TEXTILE MATERIAL AND METHOD OF PREPARING THE SAME NoDrawing. Application filed April 2,

This invention relates to textile materials, such as yarns or fabrics,made of or containing organic derivatives of cellulose and havingtherein or thereon a substance that causes the same to scorch attemperatures below their melting points.

An object of our invention is to incorporate in textile materialscontaining organic derivatives of cellulose, substances that lower thescorching temperature of the same. Other objects of our invention willappear from the following detailed description.

Unlike textile materials made of cotton, natural silk, wool orreconstituted cellulose, textile materials containing organicderivatives of cellulose tend to melt when they are subjected to an ironor calender that is at too high a temperature. While the safe ironingtemperature of organic derivatives of cellulose material is no lowerthan the safe ironing temperature of natural silk, these organicderivatives of cellulose textile materials do not scorch at temperaturessubstantially below the temperature at which they tend to melt, andtherefore the launderer does not have the warning of scorching toindicate too high temperatures of the iron or calender as he does in thecase of the laundering of other textile materials.

We have found that if certain substances are incorporated in the textilematerial con taining organic derivatives of cellulose, either prior orsubsequent to its formation, the temperature at which it scorches isreduced considerably below the temperature at which it melts, andtherefore if too hot an iron or calender is applied to such textilematerial, it tends to scorch and thus oifer a warning to the operatorthat the iron is too hot, so that the melting of .the textile materialmay be avoided.

In accordance with our invention, we prepare textile materialscontaining organic derivatives of cellulose which tend to scorch attemperatures lower than at which they melt, by incorporating therein orthereon, either prior or subsequent to their formation, substances whichcause such textile materials to scorch before they tend to melt.

The textile material may contain any suit- 1929'. Serial No. 352,046.

able organic derivative of cellulose such as organic esters of celluloseor cellulose ethers. Examples of organic esters of cellulose arecellulose acetate, cellulose formate, cellulose propignate and cellulosebutyrate, while examples of cellulose ethers are ethyl cellulose,

tile material either before or after its forma-.

tion. Thus the substance may be added to the solution of the organicderivative of cellulose prior to its extrusion through orifices into adrying atmosphere or into a precipitating bath to form the filaments oryarn.

On the other hand, the yarn, after its formation, may be subjected to asolution or paste containing the substance that tends to causescorching. If desired, the fabric containing organic derivative ofcellulose yarn may be treated with the substance that tends to causescorching.

Any suitable organic substance that does not deleteriously affect thetextile material containing the organic derivatives of cellulose, andwhich tends to lower the scorching point of such textile material,may-be used. This substance may be an oil such as olive oil, an organicsalt such as the acetates of sodium, potassium, or aluminum, soaps suchas the oleate or stearate of sodium or potassium, starches, albumen,gelatin, latex, or a wax such as beeswax or spermaceti. Some of thesesubstances, such as olive oil, are best incorporated in the spinninsolution, while some of the others may well lie applied to the yarn orfabric. i

If such substances that tend to cause scorching are applied to the yarnor fabric, after the formation of the same, often swelling agents suchas the thiocyanate of ammo nium, sodium or potassium, or formic acid ofthe textile material, the soluble salt is not removed to a substantialextent.

If the textile material contains organic esters of cellulose, furtheradvantages may be obtained by saponifying the surfaces of the filamentsor yarns of the organic esters of cellulose to increase the safe ironingtemperature thereof. Thus the yarn or fabric may be subjected to adilute alkaline bath until it sufiers a loss in weight of from 3 to 10%or more by saponification. Other methods of obtaining surfacesaponification of the filaments or yarns may also be employed; Thissurface saponification of the textile material may be caused to takeplace either prior or subsequent to the incorporation of the substancethat tends to lower the scorching temperature. While the surfacesaponfication may be produced in any suitable manner, we prefer toemploy the processes described in our copending applications Nos.248,558 filed Jan. 21, 1928; 268,365 filed April 7, 1928 and 303,600filed Sept. 1, 1928.

Textile materials when made or treated in accordance with our inventionscorch at temperatures of 10 to 30 C. or more lower than the temperatureat which they tend to melt. If an attempt is made to iron such textilematerials with an iron or calender that is too hot, ample Warning willbe given by the tendency of the textile material to scorch first.

In order further to illustrate our invention but without limiting thescope thereof, the following specific examples are given.

Example I A fabric consisting wholly of cellulose acetate yarn isscoured and then subjected to a bath'contain ing about 0.5 grams perlitre of caustic soda in such a manner as described in our applicationsNos. 248,558 and 268.365 that it suffers a loss of weight of about 6% bysaponification. This treatment materially increases the temperature atwhich the fabric may be ironed safely. The sotreated fabric is thensubjected on a jig to an aqueous bath containing 15 grams per litre ofsodium acetate and 10 grams per litre of egg albumen, the temperature ofthe bath being 60 and the time of treatment being about 10 minutes. Thematerial is then dried on a tenter at a temperature of about 78 to 85 C.to cause the coagulation of the albumen.

The fabric so treated scorches at a temperature considerably below thatat which it melts. Even afterthe fabric is washed for 10 minutes at C.in a soap bathcontaining 5 grams of soap per litre, rinsed and dried,the materials tending to cause scorching are retained so that the Washedfabric still has a reduced scorching temperature.

Example I I A fabric consisting Wholly of cellulose acetate yarn andpartially saponified as described in Example I is treated'on a jig withan aqueous solution containing 15 grams of sodium acetate per litre forabout 15 minutes. It is then dried on a tenter and is found to have amaterially lower scorching temperature than the fabric that is nottreated.

It is to be understood that the foregoing detailed description is givenmerely by way of illustration, and that many variations may be madetherein Without departing from the spirit of our invention.

Having described our invention, what we claim and desire to secure byLetters Patent 1. The method of producing textile materials such asyarns and fabrics containing organic derivatives of cellulose and havinga reduced scorching temperature, comprising incorporating asubstantially neutral substance adapted to lower the temperature atwhich said textile materials tend to scorch and permitting saidsubstance to remain in the textile materials.

2. The method of producing textile materials such as yarns and fabricscontaining cellulose acetate and having a reduced scorching temperature,comprising incorporating a substantially neutral substance adapted tolower the temperature at which said textile materials tend to scorch andpermitting said substance to remain in the textile materials.

3. The method of producing textile materials such as yarns and fabricscontaining organic derivatives of cellulose and having a reducedscorching temperature, comprising incorporating a substantially neutralorganic compound adapted to lower the temperature at which said textilematerials tend to scorch and permitting the organic compound to remainin the textile materials.

4. The method of producing textile materials such as yarns and fabricscontaining cellulose acetate and having a reduced scorching temperature,comprising incorporating a substantially neutral organic compoundadapted to lower the temperature at which said textilematerials tend toscorch and permitting the organic compound to remain in the textilematerials.

5. The method of producing textile materials such as yarns and fabricscontaining organic derivatives of cellulose and having a reducedscorching temperature, comprising incorporating a metallic acetateadapted to lower the temperature at which said textile materials tend toscorch.

6. The method of producing textile materials such as yarns and fabricscontainin cellulose acetate and havin a reduce scorching temperature,comprisin incorporating a metallic acetate ada te to lower thetemperature at which sai textile materials tend to scorch.

7. The method of producing textile mate rials such as yarns and fabricscontaining oranic esters of cellulose and navmg a safe ironingtemperature and a reduced scorching temperature, comprising the steps ofpartially saponifying the organic ester of cellulose material andincorporating a substance adapted to lower the temperature at. which thetextile material tends to scorch.

p 8. The method of producing textile materials such as yarns and fabricscontaining cellulose acetate and having a safe ironing temthat lowersthe tem tile materials scorc perature and a reduced scorchingtemperature, comprising the steps of partially saponifying the celluloseacetate materia and incorporating a substance adapted to lower thetemperature at which the textile material tends to scorch.

9. The method of producing textile materials such as yarns and fabricscontaining orgamc esters of cellulose and having a safe ironingtemperature and a reduced scorch ing temperature, comprising the stepsof partially saponifying the organic ester of cellulose material andincorporating a metallic acetate adapted to lower the temperature atwhich the textile material tends to scorch.

10. The method of roducing textile materials such as yarn and fabricscontaining cellulose acetate and having a safe ironing temtextilematerials containing an or 'c ester of cellulose which has been part1 ysapomperature and a reduced scorching temperature, comprisin the stepsof partially sapon ifying the cellu ose acetate materials and i1,corporating a metallic acetate adapted ta. lower the temperature atwhich the textile material tends to scorch. 4

11. Textile materials such as arns and fabrics containing organicderivatives of cellulose and also containing a substantially neutralsubstance that lowers the tem erature at which the textile materialsscorc 12. Textile materials such as yarns and fabrics containingcellulose acetate and also containing a substantially neutral substancerature at which the tex- 13. Textile materials such as yarns and fabricscontaining organlc derivatives of cellulose and also containing ametallic acetate thatlowers the-temperature at which the textilematerials scorch.

14. Textile materials such as yarns and fabrics containing celluloseacetate and also containing a metallic acetate that lowers thetemperature at which the textile materials scorch A 15. Textilematerials such as yarns and and a'reduce scorching temperature, saidfabricshavingfa safe ironing temperature.

